T\u00fcrkiye Tabiat\u0131n\u0131 M\u00fcdafaa Derne\u011fi (TTKD) bilim dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Dr. Erol Kesici, T\u00fcrkiye\u00b4de 50 y\u0131lda kuruyan sulak alanlardaki su k\u00fctlesi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn 1.3 milyar hektar, yani 24 E\u011firdir G\u00f6l\u00fc yahut 3 Van G\u00f6l\u00fc ya da Marmara Denizi kadar oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

TTKD bilim dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Dr. Erol Kesici, 2 \u015eubat D\u00fcnya Sulak Alanlar G\u00fcn\u00fc\u00b4n\u00fcn kutlama g\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fil, art\u0131k anma g\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u00b4nin Ramsar S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u00b4ne taraf olan 145 \u00fclkeden biri oldu\u011funu belirten Dr. Kesici, T\u00fcrkiye\u00b4de 135 sulak alan belirlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, bunlardan 1 milyon hektarl\u0131k sahay\u0131 i\u00e7eren 53\u00b4\u00fc ulusal, 9\u00b4u mahalli, 14\u00b4\u00fc milletleraras\u0131 (Ramsar Alan\u0131) de\u011fere sahip toplam 76’s\u0131n\u0131n Ramsar kriterlerine nazaran sulak alan olarak tescil edildi\u011fini kaydetti.<\/p>\n

MEMLEKETLER ARASI KIYMETE SAH\u0130P ALANLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr. Erol Kesici, kontrata nazaran `Ramsar Alan\u0131\u00b4 olarak tescil edilen 14 sulak alan\u0131 ise \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralad\u0131; Kayseri\u00b4de Sultansazl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Bal\u0131kesir\u00b4de Manyas G\u00f6l\u00fc, K\u0131r\u015fehir\u00b4de Seyfe G\u00f6l\u00fc, Mersin\u00b4de G\u00f6ksu Deltas\u0131, Burdur G\u00f6l\u00fc, Samsun\u00b4da K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak Deltas\u0131, Bursa\u00b4da Uluabat G\u00f6l\u00fc, \u0130zmir\u00b4de Gediz Deltas\u0131, Adana\u00b4da Akyatan ve Yumurtal\u0131k lag\u00fcnleri, Konya\u00b4da Meke Maar\u0131 ve K\u0131z\u00f6ren Obru\u011fu, Kars\u00b4ta Kuyucuk G\u00f6l\u00fc, Bitlis\u00b4te Nemrut Kalderas\u0131.<\/p>\n

3’\u00dc KURUDU, 11\u00b4\u0130 TEHL\u0130KEDE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Memleketler aras\u0131 Ramsar Alan\u0131 olarak tescil edilen 14 sulak alandan kimilerinin bug\u00fcn ya b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn kurudu\u011fu ya da giderek kurumakta oldu\u011funa dikkati \u00e7eken Dr. Kesici, “Seyfe, Kuyucuk ve Meke g\u00f6lleri b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn kurudu. Sultansazl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00b4n\u0131n \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 kurudu. Manyas, Burdur ve Uluabat g\u00f6lleri, G\u00f6ksu, K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak ve Gediz deltalar\u0131, Akyatan ve Yumurtal\u0131k lag\u00fcnleri \u00e7ok oranda kuruma, kirlilik ve biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlilikte azalma (t\u00fcr \u00e7e\u015fit ve miktar\u0131) meseleleri ya\u015f\u0131yor. K\u0131z\u00f6ren Obru\u011fu da \u00e7ok oranda kuruma ve yer alt\u0131 su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n zira\u00ee gayeli \u00e7ekilmesi nedeniyle etraf\u0131nda yeni obruklar olu\u015ftu. Bunlar i\u00e7erisinde en iyi durumda olan\u0131 Nemrut Kalderas\u0131. Fakat burada da su d\u00fczeyinde azalma var ve insan ziyaretleri s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131” diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

2013\u00b4TEN SONRA YEN\u0130 \u0130LAN YOK<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u00b4de en son 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda Nemrut Kalderas\u0131\u00b4n\u0131n Milletleraras\u0131 Ramsar Alan\u0131 ilan edildi\u011fini belirten Dr. Kesici, 2013\u00b4ten sonra Milletleraras\u0131 Ramsar Alan\u0131 tescil edilen su kayna\u011f\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere m\u00fcracaat bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na da dikkati \u00e7ekti. Dr. Kesici, “Bunun iki nedeni var. Birincisi, o vasf\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan alan yok. \u0130kincisi, daha \u00e7ok da E\u011firdir, Bey\u015fehir \u00fczere do\u011fal g\u00f6llerimizin Ramsar alan\u0131 olmas\u0131, Ramsar kurallar\u0131n\u0131n sosyo-ekonomik nedenlerle zorlay\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden y\u00f6re halk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan da istenilmemektedir” dedi.<\/p>\n

RAMSAR KR\u0130TER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ramsar alan\u0131 belirleme kriterleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi veren Dr. Kesici, \u015f\u00f6yle konu\u015ftu:<\/p>\n

“E\u015fine az rastlan\u0131r yahut s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 biyo-co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgedeki sulak alanlara ili\u015fkin azl\u0131k ve tipiklik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6zg\u00fcl bir \u00f6rnek olu\u015fturmas\u0131 ve kayda paha \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde az rastlanan, yaln\u0131zca oraya mahsus endemik ve \u00f6m\u00fcrleri tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015fen yahut tehlike alt\u0131nda<\/b> olan bitki-hayvan tiplerinin ortam\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, canl\u0131 topluluklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6zg\u00fcl bir bedele sahipse, milletleraras\u0131 sulak alan kabul edilmektedir. Sulak alanlar, i\u00e7me-kullanma suyunun, nemin kayna\u011f\u0131, iklimin d\u00fczenleyicisi ve sigortas\u0131d\u0131r.”<\/p>\n

KU\u015eLARIN \u0130K\u0130 ANA G\u00d6\u00c7 YOLU T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u00b4DE<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u00b4de \u00fcreyen be\u015f su ku\u015funun d\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcn ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcratle t\u00fckendi\u011finin bildirildi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyen Dr. Kesici, “\u00dclkemizde, Asya, Avrupa ve Afrika k\u0131talar\u0131 ortas\u0131nda g\u00f6\u00e7 eden 400’den fazla ku\u015f i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt ana g\u00f6\u00e7 yolundan iki b\u00fcy\u00fck ku\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7 yolu bulunuyor. Bu ku\u015flar\u0131n \u00fclkemizde konaklamalar\u0131, beslenmeleri ve birtak\u0131m sulak alanlar\u0131 \u00fcreme, \u00e7o\u011falma alan\u0131 olarak se\u00e7mesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok k\u0131ymetli bir k\u0131ymete sahiptir. Ama bu say\u0131 \u00fclkemizdeki sulak alanlar\u0131n giderek kurumas\u0131 ve kirlilik nedeniyle d\u00fcnya g\u00f6\u00e7 yolundaki eski ehemmiyetini giderek kaybetmektedir” dedi.<\/p>\n

1.3 M\u0130LYAR HEKTAR SU K\u00dcTLES\u0130 KURUDU<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u00b4nin 14\u00b4\u00fc Ramsar Kontrat\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda muhafaza alt\u0131na al\u0131nan sulak alanlar\u0131n neredeyse yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hidrolojik ve ekolojik bak\u0131mdan kaybetmek durumda oldu\u011funa i\u015faret eden Dr. Kesici, “Kurutma, doldurma, sular\u0131n kesilmesi vb. insan odakl\u0131 m\u00fcdahalelerle kaybedilen g\u00f6l ve sulak alanlardaki su k\u00fctlesi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc 1.3 milyar hektar. Yani son 50 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde 24 E\u011firdir G\u00f6l\u00fc yahut 3 Van G\u00f6l\u00fc ya da Marmara Denizi kadar sulak alan kurudu yahut kurutuldu. Bug\u00fcn gelinen nokta ise verilen kelamlara, geli\u015fen bilim ve teknolojiye ve takviyelere kar\u015f\u0131n k\u0131ymetli say\u0131lmakla bitmeyecek \u00f6m\u00fcr kaynaklar\u0131 kuruma ve kirlenme tehditlerinin sonlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r” diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

TAVIRLI OLMAMIZ GEREK\u0130YOR<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr. Kesici, sulak alanlar\u0131n s\u00fcratle kurumas\u0131 ve kirlenmesinin bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede kurakl\u0131k, suya ula\u015famama, zira\u00ee besinlerin azalmas\u0131 ve pahal\u0131l\u0131k, ormans\u0131zla\u015fma ve biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi olu\u015fturan d\u00fcnyadaki canl\u0131 tiplerinin azalmas\u0131 \u00fczere meselelere yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Bu nedenle d\u00fcnyada ya\u015fanabilirli\u011fin azalarak, hastal\u0131klar\u0131n da artmas\u0131 sonucunun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Dr. Kesici, “B\u00f6yle giderse d\u00fcnya ya\u015fanamaz hale gelecek. Daima birlikte hareket ederek, i\u011fneden ipli\u011fe t\u00fcketimde tav\u0131rl\u0131 olmam\u0131z gerekiyor” dedi.<\/p>\n

YIRTICI SULAMA YER\u0130NE DAMLA SULAMA<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tar\u0131mda y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 sulama yerine damla sulama sistemini \u00f6neren Dr. Kesici, “Suyumuza nazaran zira\u00ee \u00fcretime ge\u00e7memiz planlanmal\u0131. G\u00fc\u00e7 verimlili\u011fi sa\u011flanarak, \u015fuurlu kullan\u0131mla t\u00fcketim en aza indirilmeli. G\u00fc\u00e7 elde etmede do\u011fal su kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n susuz kalmas\u0131 engellenmeli. Atmosferdeki karbondioksit oran\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131ndaki ana sorumlu k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fczere fosil yak\u0131tlar yerine yenilenebilir g\u00fc\u00e7 kaynaklar\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131. Arazi kullan\u0131m\u0131nda ormans\u0131zla\u015fma ve sulak alanlar\u0131n kurutulmas\u0131na p\u00fcr\u00fcz olunmal\u0131. Sulak alanlar\u0131n su yataklar\u0131 ve kanallar\u0131 do\u011fal haliyle b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi gezegenimizdeki hayat\u0131 tehdit eden en b\u00fcy\u00fck tehlikelerden biridir” tabirlerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n

B\u0130L\u0130MSEL ONARIMA BA\u015eLANMALI<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcm \u00fclkelerin ortak ancak farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6reli kabiliyetler unsuruna nazaran sorumluluk \u00fcstlenmesi gerekti\u011fini de belirten Dr. Kesici, ihtarlar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc:<\/p>\n

“Ulusal, lokal ve ferdi olarak sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in gereksiz her t\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u00fcketimden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131. Karbon fiyatland\u0131rmas\u0131 uygulanmal\u0131. Yapay g\u00fcbre kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131. D\u00fcnyadaki b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7ocuklara, iklim felaketi olmadan ya\u015famalar\u0131 i\u00e7in sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l \u00f6nlenebilece\u011fine ait bilgi ve sorumluluk verilmeli. Do\u011fal g\u00f6llerin envanterleri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmal\u0131, su b\u00fct\u00e7esi ve su kalitesi tespit edilmeli ve sulak alanlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bilimsel onar\u0131ma bir an evvel ba\u015flanmal\u0131.”<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Bloomberg HT<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrkiye Tabiat\u0131n\u0131 M\u00fcdafaa Derne\u011fi (TTKD) bilim dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Dr. Erol Kesici, T\u00fcrkiye\u00b4de 50 y\u0131lda kuruyan sulak alanlardaki su k\u00fctlesi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn 1.3 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22799,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2317,505,1407,2318,2316],"class_list":["post-22798","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-piyasalar","tag-aza","tag-dunya","tag-golu","tag-kuruma","tag-sulak-alanlar"],"yoast_head":"\n